The
contaminants in the natural environment in the form of noise, land, air and
water which brings adverse changes in the environment and harms to human health
is called environmental pollution. Pollutions in the environment invites
different diseases in various forms. Environment have been degrading day by day with the
increase of the various forms of the pollution and gradually affecting the
human health .
Environmental pollution have been classified
into four groups: air pollution, land pollution, water pollution and sound
pollution. All these pollutions are the result of human activities like
throwing unwanted sewages, mixing polluted liquids in the water sources causing
water pollution, establishment of the industrial areas nearby residential areas
causing air pollution and sound pollution. With the increase of rapid
population growth, pollution is also increasing day by day in the world. Industrialization
and urbanization is also increasing in bullet speed. Burning of coal in large
amount and industries emits very harmful gases like chlorofluorocarbon, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide and dust particles gets mixed in the air which
adversely affects living creatures and health of human being. It harms human
health causing respiratory infection, common cold, allergy, high blood pressure,
lungs diseases, poor vision, skin diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary
diseases, etc. Such diseases results in long term exposure to workplace like industries
and factories. The noise emitted from industries results in reduction of
hearing power, sleep disturbances, laziness, dullness and mentally disturbed. Water
pollution is also increasing daily. People link the drainage system in the
river side, throw harmful chemical waste materials coming from hospitals nearby
water sources like ponds, lakes, oceans, etc. Marine foods like types of
fishes, prawn, crabs and polluted water are consumed unknowingly resulting in diarrhea,
typhoid, cholera, kidney problems, vomiting, amoebic dysentery and jaundice. The
harmful chemicals in water like fluorides, arsenic, lead, mercury, insecticides
and pesticides remain as residues in the human intestine. So, mortality rate is
increasing daily as it is serious condition in the present world. Similarly,
solid wastages and sewages are left unmanaged in the lands and gets decayed which
is degrading the soil fertility and reducing agricultural productions. The
smell coming from such decayed solid wastage also contribute for air pollution
and spread of germs, bacteria in air helps
in causing diseases.
In spite of rapid growth of
environmental pollution, there are various measure to control it. Water borne
diseases and air borne diseases can be minimized in some extent. Public toilets can be built in different
place which helps to minimize water pollution and air pollution. Strict rules
and regulations must be made and implement in a systematic way. Non renewable
sources like coal, petrol must be limited in use and people should be united
for pollution free environment and good health of the people.
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