healtheducation

Cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the human body organs. It is the oldest form of non communicable disease since Hippocrates which is the major cause of death in the world. There are 100 varieties of cancers found in the world whose symptom varies from the types of cancer. Cancer are in the forms of breast cancer, colon cancer, lungs cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, skin cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer  and many more cancers.
Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death in the world which have tremendous effects in the family, society and countries. In the world, one out of two men and one out of three women are suffering from various types of cancer. The female cancers are breast, cervical, intestine, stomach and lungs. Male cancers are mouth, lungs, prostate, alimentary, lever and stomach. There has not been the study of exact cause of cancer but many researchers have found that nutrition, taking of tobacco, occupational exposure, infections, environmental causes and other causes contribute to cancer.  Hepatitis B causes cancer of the liver and human papiloma virus (HPV) causes cervical cancer. Many women in the world suffer from breast cancers as the cell of the breast starts growing abnormally and have to lose the organ. If not treated in time, they have to die untimely. The intake of unhygienic food and non nutritious foods do not provide energy in the body and cannot increase immunity power. It brings various diseases including cancer. People working in coal mines, large scaled industries have to suffer from lungs cancer as they are exposed to various harmful gases like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, hydro carbon, sulfur dioxide and many more gases. Due to industrialization and urbanization in developed and developing countries, the risk of cancer is increasing high. The risk factor of cancer is smoking of tobacco which contains nicotine causing lungs and mouth cancer. Most of the people of the world smoke as it is the fashion in the modern era. More use of x-rays and ultra violet rays cause cancer. Cancer patient may experience loss of weight, blood loss through vagina, tenderness in some parts of the body like breast, regular hard coughs and regular diarrhea. Cancers can be prevented in some extent by creating healthy behaviors like use of hygienic foods, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, doing physical exercises, doing self mammary gland test, Pap smear and many more. Cancer can be treated in early stages by chemo therapy, gene therapy, radiations, immune therapy and various modern scientific measures. Vaccines are also the ultimate preventive measures for cancer. Example, vaccination for human papillomavirus causing cervical cancer and hepatitis B vaccination for hepatitis B virus which cause liver cancer.
Cancer is said to be incurable diseases but it's a very wrong concept because cancer can be treated if screening is done in time. However, the proper implementations of screening process have not been achieved in developing countries and it is very costly. Cancer is a silent killer disease in which many people die each year causing cancer. Cancer can be controlled but cannot be eradicated from the root.

Earthquake is the form of natural disaster realizing the certain energy from the earth crusts which creates quakes and tremor in the earth surface. It is measured by the modern machine called seismographs. Children are more vulnerable population to natural disasters like earthquake which leaves the dangerous negative impacts in children psychologically. The recurring earthquake drags children towards mental disorders like anxiety, depressions, frustration, acting opposing behaviors and fear of dying mostly during night times.
The earthquake happens every day in different parts of the world. Some of them are felt and some are not felt. Massive earthquake can be violent as it destroys huge buildings and kills thousands of people and acts as violent in children.  The global medias broadcast the situation of the affected place, injured people and destructive environment in the televisions, radios and internet. Children are psychologically affected by the scenes like injured people with no available health care services and waiting for death, dead people all around, situation to be street people and starvation problems in earthquake victims which are viewed in televisions. They become worried, depressed, frustrated and stressed soon. They think the world as the unsafe place to survive and they do not desire to live as the world is troublesome and full of burdens. It can be the good example of television violence which makes them psychologically aggressive, full of fear of dying and loosing of their parents. School going children do not see the worth of going to schools though they are advised by their parents and elders. It hampers in their academic success and coming future. Earthquake scene in the television like small children dying by the destructions of school buildings makes them more emotional and anxiety as they think them as their own friends of their class. Children highly suffer from significant depression, anxiety and trauma symptoms. During the earthquake, many children have to lose their parents, relatives and seniors which they do not have ever imagined which would happen in life and grieving takes place in more complicated forms which they cannot tolerate. They are self injured, have to lose some body parts, see many injured people waiting for help and deaths around him/her. Instead of immediate need of supports of family members, it results in lack of proper sleep, loneliness, disturbance in eating, oppositional acting out behaviors and loss of feelings of love for others. It harms children mentally in whole life and is prolonged. So, the prolonged childhood heartbreak drags them towards antisocial activities like alcoholisms, drugs abuse, smoking, murdering, risk taking behaviors and suicide. It hampers in their developmental skills, academic and physical problems. Daytime flashbacks and nightmares occur frequently as the reoccurring events come in their mind in whole life. The memories of earthquake leaves negative impacts on children as they are afraid of small vibrations made by the running of vehicles near houses and make them remember the past dreadful events again. It includes quick breathing, high blood pressure, quick pumping of heart, high body temperature resulting in sweating and other physical symptoms in mild earthquake also.
In the world, children with victims of earthquakes are not only seriously affected psychologically but also affected physically and socially. Psychologists have a vital role in treating of the psychologically affected victimized children. Cognitive behavior therapy, trauma psychotherapy and various trauma avoiding interventions like positive and adaptive thinking, promotion of coping behaviors, reducing of stress, improving their mood and motivating them for studies and daily creative activities. School also helps them as it also provides social supports and encourages them to bear a responsibility as a student in the school.

Violence can be defined as the fearful activities to harm own self or others by physical force. Violence creates a life time health problem of one's life. It can be in the form of physical, psychological and sexual violence. Violence in health care setting is one of the threaten problems in the world especially for the women and girls. Violence has been the major threatening problem in the world which ultimately results in death, disability, psychologically imbalanced and injuries.
Violence is found to be deep rooted in health care settings since decades ago. Mostly women who come for check up in the health centers are more susceptible to violence which may be in the form of sexual harassment, physical violence and verbally use of bad words. Not only patients, health care providers are also self violated by the patients and within the staff of the health sectors. There is no better provision of security for the health care providers. Violence against them is found unreported in many cases because of fear of loss of prestige and respects. Female health workers are dominated in the health sectors as patients have the blind belief that they do not have enough knowledge and experience. So, the lack of understandings and trust results in quarreling between them. If the patients die in serious cases, doctors are easily blamed as they did not do better treatment or they neglected their patients. They have to pay unnecessary compensation of death. It creates the imbalance and disturbances in the environment of health sectors. It is found in every health care setting in the world. Within the health care setting, female health care providers are dominated by the male health workers even in the same profession. Mostly in gynecological check up, married women and girls have to suffer a lot from the unkind behavior of the male doctors during visit. Sometime rape cases have been found to be reported. Such conditions hampers the health of the females because once they are violated, they do not go again to visit for check up with the same doctor. They are forced for high payments and for more visits with the aim to make more profits. It is not good practice. Doctors dominate to the poor and lower caste people and forcefully make them obey. Male patients are also dominated and they are not checked properly in comparison to females. They show attitudes to males and do not keep their confidentiality. In most of the cases, women come to hospital for treatment because of physical violence by her family members and husband. In such cases, health workers only fulfill their duty and falls to recognize her sense of dangers. They do not ask politely to them if it is safe to go home. Women are blamed as they provoke the family in such a situation in which they are searching for security. Health care providers do not respect them and sometime suggest for the divorce with the husband instead of advising not to divorce. They violate their confidentiality in front of the family members without her consent.
Violating women than males has been more from the global view in health sector. Though various efforts have been made to control it, there have not been expected changes in it. Proper security should be managed in the heath sectors for female and male health care providers. There should be made the provision of raising voice in health care settings if violated sexually, physically and verbally. Regular surveillance should be organized.